Nas décadas de 1970 e 1980, contudo, o kawaii surge com um direcionamento mais plural, quebrando barreiras de gênero, dentro de uma estrutura capitalista focado no consumismo e no incentivo a uma democratização de criações e mídias. Resumo O kawaii, um adjetivo japonês que significa “fofo”, é também um movimento estético japonês que existe desde a Era Meiji. This leniency in censorship seems to serve as an effective propaganda tool against the American government.
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It was also found that, although a considerable number of issues were censored in this dubbed version, some issues typically censored in official dubbed films and series were kept intact for ideological and political reasons. Based on the results, in both visual and acoustic modes, censorship was applied to several verbal and non-verbal issues, which were categorized into three thematic groups: religious, socio-cultural, and political. To that end, a multi-modal comparison was made between the Persian-dubbed version and the original one to find out firstly, the content considered inappropriate for public broadcasting and secondly, what cases had the potential to be censored but have been kept purposefully. The present study aimed to investigate the censorial interference in the Persian dubbing of the first four seasons of House of Cards (2013-2017) broadcast on the Iranian national television. Italian translators take an active part in the editing of anime: as they are the first ones to actually see the episodes, they are supposed to report to their commissioners any ambiguous element they come across, and they perform (self)censorship on the verbal level, manipulating the dialogue exchanges as is expected by the translation company. Censorship thus tends to take place both on the visual and the verbal levels: scenes considered inappropriate are removed from the story, the plot is often changed, the text is frequently domesticated in its references to the Japanese culture, and the language is flattened. In Italy, on the contrary, cartoons are generally considered a product targeted exclusively at children, and even those anime which were originally designed for an older audience are broadcast during the protected time slot and therefore have to comply to certain standards regarding their content and the type of language spoken. Japanese anime are not designed only for an audience of children, and there exist different types of products aimed at viewers of different ages consequently, in Japan anime are shown at various time slots according to their characteristics. Such a practice is quite common all over the Western world, and Italy is no exception.
Editing of anime-Japanese cartoons is a process through which the product is altered in order to make it appropriate for the public.
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